METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIGNALING TO THE GROUND AN AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT AND AN AIRCRAFT PROVIDED WITH SA

专利摘要:
The present invention relates to a method for signaling on a ground a landing zone (250) of an aircraft (1) in flight. The aircraft (1) projects on the ground with a projector a luminous shape called "projected light form (91)" comprising at least one light line (95), at least one light line (95) delimiting a geometric surface (400) , said aircraft (1) tending to place at least a portion of an undercarriage of this aircraft (1) on said geometric surface (400), said projected light form (91) being identical regardless of the position of said projector in the airspace (300).
公开号:FR3034078A1
申请号:FR1500620
申请日:2015-03-27
公开日:2016-09-30
发明作者:Christophe Mouton；Herve Routin
申请人:Airbus Helicopters SAS；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and a device for signaling the ground to an aircraft in flight, and an aircraft equipped with this device. In particular, the invention is in the technical field of lights signaling that an aircraft is approaching a landing area, particularly at night. An aircraft may be allowed to fly at night, and thus land at a landing area at night. The landing area can be prepared to be perfectly lit and delimited. Individuals on the ground therefore carefully avoid this landing area to not be impacted by an aircraft landing on this landing area. Nevertheless, an aircraft may be asked to land on a landing area with little or no light. In particular, a short-landing aircraft such as a rotorcraft can land on multiple areas, and not necessarily on a runway of an aerodrome perfectly equipped with lighting means in particular. A rotary wing aircraft can in particular land in the countryside to assist individuals, following an accident for example. As a result, landing an aircraft on an unprepared area can be tricky or even dangerous for the aircraft and the individuals on the ground.
[0002] 3034078 2 An aircraft then usually comprises landing lights to illuminate the target landing area. Landing lights tend in particular to allow the identification of possible ground hazards for the aircraft, such as natural or unnatural obstacles. A landing light may emit a light beam using a halogen lamp, or a non-directive high-pressure glow discharge lamp known by the acronym HID. Parabolic mirrors and motors are optionally used to collimate the light beam in a given direction. A landing light may also include a light emitting diode lamp known by the acronym LED to emit a light beam. An optical system known as "TIR Lens" can be used to model such a light beam. A landing light is therefore limited to projecting a light beam so that the pilot can see in the dark. This light beam covers the ground all of a round or oval surface. The light emitted at the periphery of the beam can be substantially diffused by forming a luminous halo. In addition, the landing lights also make it possible to illuminate a landing zone to signal this landing zone to individuals on the ground. These individuals then avoid the illuminated zone so as not to be impacted by an aircraft during landing. However, in a sector with high ambient light, an individual may have difficulty in formally identifying the area illuminated by the aircraft.
[0003] For example, on particular landing areas where many vehicles are present, the headlights of these vehicles may interfere with the identification of the area illuminated by an aircraft. As an illustration, many vehicles can intervene in a given sector during a rescue mission. Therefore, the identification of the area illuminated by an aircraft in the landing phase can be difficult. The current helicopters are then essentially spotted by the noise emitted by these helicopters. The illumination provided by a landing light can indeed be used to warn individuals that a helicopter is in the approach phase, but this solution is not always satisfactory. The present invention therefore aims to provide a method for an aircraft to accurately report the landing zone targeted by this aircraft. The documents CN102998885, CN104036475, DE102013009803 and WO201519208 are cited for illustrative purposes but do not belong to the technical field of the invention, and do not provide a teaching to solve the problem described above. The invention therefore relates to a method for signaling on a ground a landing zone of an aircraft in flight, this landing zone being targeted by an aircraft flying at an altitude between a maximum altitude and a minimum altitude.
[0004] According to this method, the aircraft projects on the ground with a projector a luminous shape called "projected light form" comprising at least one light line, at least one light line delimiting a geometrical surface, the aircraft tending to pose at least one part of an undercarriage of this aircraft on this geometrical surface, the projected light form being identical regardless of the position of said projector in the airspace. According to this method, the aircraft emits a luminous shape 5 that forms a luminous shape projected on the ground. The expression "projected light form" thus designates the shape drawn on the ground by the aircraft's headlamp. This projected light form comprises at least one light line, and in particular a light line which delimits a geometric surface.
[0005] For example, the geometric surface is not illuminated by the projector projecting the luminous shape. As a result, a light line is not comparable to a fully illuminated disc. A light line according to the invention may delimit a geometric surface, the geometric surface possibly being at least partially illuminated, for example by a conventional landing light. This geometric surface can then represent a landing zone. Furthermore, the light beam projected on the ground by a conventional landing light has dimensions that vary according to the altitude of the aircraft. This light beam typically illuminates a small diameter disc when the aircraft is at low altitude, and a large diameter disc when the aircraft is at high altitude. Conversely, according to the invention the projected light form 25 designed the ground has fixed dimensions, namely dimensions that remain constant regardless of the position of the projector in the airspace. Because of the precision of the various instruments, the expression "the projected luminous form being identical whatever the position of said projector in the airspace" means that the dimensions of the projected luminous shape 3034078 are included in a range of dimensions. restricted in the order of ten percent of the theoretical dimension, for example. As an illustration, a luminous circle with a theoretical diameter of 10 meters can have a real diameter oscillating between 9 meters and 5 11 meters. As a result, the altitude of the aircraft and the inclination of the projector relative to the terrestrial reference have no significant impact according to the invention on the shape drawn on the ground by the aircraft. The geometrical surface therefore always represents an area 10 where a landing gear of the aircraft will be placed, and therefore the landing zone of the aircraft. As a result, individuals on the ground can easily identify the landing zone. In addition, this projected light form is made from light lines and not from a beam illuminating the entire round or oval surface. As a result, the light form is easier to identify in an environment partially illuminated by vehicle headlights. The minimum altitude can be zero. Nevertheless and to simplify the lighting device implementing this method, the minimum altitude can be of the order of 20 meters, and the maximum altitude of the order of 200 meters. Indeed, when the aircraft is very close to the ground, a complex optical system must be used to display the required shape.
[0006] Similarly, when the aircraft is operating at a high altitude, the device must have high resolution systems to be effective.
[0007] This method may further include one or more of the following features. Therefore, a light line may describe a luminous circle on the ground, the aircraft tending to place at least a portion of a landing gear of this aircraft within this circle. Instead of illuminating a disc, the lighting device then generates a luminous circle. A circle has the advantage of being perfectly identifiable. The light lines may further have characteristic colors that differ from the yellow or white color of the landing lights. For example, light lines may be green or red. Furthermore, at least one light line may represent a projection on the ground of an organ of the aircraft at scale one, this projection being arranged in line with the place that should occupy said member after landing. The luminous form projected on the ground can take various aspects. However, a projected luminous shape may advantageously represent an aircraft member at the scale of one. This feature makes it even easier to identify the aircraft for individuals on the ground. Likewise, this characteristic facilitates the work of a pilot by at least partially representing the footprint of this aircraft on the ground at the end of the landing. For example, the aircraft comprising a rotary wing provided with blades, the blades comprising a free end describing in rotation a so-called "circle of levitation", a luminous line describes a light circle called "inner circle" representing a projection on the ground at the scale of one of said ground support circle. As a result, the projector emits a luminous form called "emitted luminous shape" which projects onto the ground a projected luminous shape describing a circle representative of the bulk of the rotary wing of the aircraft. Thanks to this system, whatever the altitude, the pilot can thus visualize the position of the rotary wing after the landing. This pilot can notably easily detect dangerous objects for the rotary wing in the illuminated area. Similarly, individuals on the ground can determine where the rotary wing of the aircraft will be, and can avoid parking in an area dangerous to them.
[0008] Furthermore, another light line optionally describes a circle called "outer circle" which surrounds the inner circle. The outer circle defines a safety zone to respect vis-à-vis the aircraft. For example, the outer circle has a diameter at least twice the diameter of the inner circle, the inner circle and the outer circle being concentric. In addition, a light line may describe a segment that represents a landing axis of the aircraft. This segment then facilitates the approach of the aircraft to the ground.
[0009] In particular, the aircraft comprising a cabin extended by a tail boom, a light line describes a segment which represents the tail boom of the aircraft at scale one.
[0010] The representation of the tail boom visually indicates the horizontal angle of approach of the aircraft towards its landing zone. Favorably, the method according to the invention can establish to project a light form called "projected light form" drawing on the ground an inner circle representing a rotor of the aircraft on the scale one, an outer circle which is concentric with the inner circle. and which represents a safety zone, and a segment representing the tail boom of the aircraft at a scale of one. The segment representing the tail boom may for example have a line thickness greater than the thickness of the circles. All the information needed by the pilot or the ground personnel is then projected onto the ground on the landing zone. Furthermore, at least one light line can have a constant brightness regardless of the position of the projector in the airspace. In addition to constant dimensions, the projected light form 20 drawn on the ground can have a constant brightness. This characteristic tends, for example, to limit the risk of dazzling an individual present on the ground. To generate a shape on the ground, it is possible to determine an initial luminous shape comprising each light line. The initial light shape is then corrected according to the position of the headlamp in the airspace to obtain a corrected luminous shape, and then the corrected luminous form is projected with the headlamp to obtain on the ground the projected luminous shape having 3034078 dimensions. invariant regardless of the position of the projector in the airspace. The luminous form emitted by the headlamp is therefore the corrected luminous shape, this corrected luminous shape giving birth to the projected light form. According to this method, an initial light form is established, and then this initial light form is deformed if necessary so that the projected light form drawn on the ground has dimensions that do not vary.
[0011] The width of the light lines of the initial light drawn on the ground can also be adjusted to allow an ideal visualization of the pilot of the various lines on the ground. Moreover, in order to correct the initial light shape as a function of the position of the headlamp in the airspace, the initial light shape can be corrected as a function of at least one piece of information relating to a distance separating the headlamp from the headlamp. an area illuminated by this projector and on the other hand at least one information relating to at least one angle of a projector relative to the ground.
[0012] In particular, the initial light shape can be corrected according to an angle present between a projection axis of the headlamp and the direction of gravity, or an angle present between a projection axis of the headlamp and the ground considered as horizontal.
[0013] For example, the initial light shape is corrected according to at least one orientation to be selected from the following list: an orientation of the aircraft relative to the earth's surface illustrated by at least one of the following angles, namely a roll angle, a pitch angle and a yaw angle of the aircraft in the terrestrial reference, - an orientation of the projector relative to the earth's surface illustrated by at least one of the following angles, namely a roll angle, an angle pitch and a yaw angle of the searchlight in the terrestrial reference, - an orientation of the searchlight relative to the aircraft 10 illustrated by at least one of the following angles, namely a roll angle, a pitch angle and a yaw angle of projector in the reference of the aircraft. In addition, the luminous shape is corrected according to an information representative of a distance separating the projector 15 from a zone illuminated by this projector through at least one parameter of the following list: a vertical distance according to the gravity between the projector and the ground, this vertical distance being for example deduced from the altitude of the aircraft provided by a positioning system known by the acronym GPS and the altitude of the ground manually set or automatically determined by a calculator, - a distance between the headlamp and the shape projected on the ground, 25 - a horizontal distance between a projection according to the gravity of the aircraft on the ground and the light form projected on the ground, this horizontal distance being for example deduced by calculation from the geographical coordinates of the aircraft provided by the positioning system 3034078 and geographical coordinates of the projected form on the floor set manually or automatically determined by a calculator. Moreover, it is possible to adjust the thickness of at least one light line at the request of a pilot of the aircraft. In addition to a method, the invention relates to a lighting device for signaling on a ground a landing zone of an aircraft in flight. This lighting device comprises a light generator 10 connected to an optical processing system of a projector, the lighting device comprising a processing unit connected to the optical processing system and to a measuring system which determines at least one information relating to the position in the airspace of the headlamp, the processing unit applying said method described above for controlling the optical processing system in order to project on the ground at least one light line delimiting a geometrical surface, the luminous form projected being identical regardless of the position of said projector. In particular, the measurement system can determine at least one piece of information making it possible to identify the path that the light form emitted by the projector must travel. This path can be identified using projector orientation information and distance to travel. The processing unit may further comprise a computing unit provided with at least one processor or equivalent, and a storage unit provided with at least one non-volatile memory. The computing unit then executes information stored in the storage unit to apply the method according to the invention according to the data transmitted by the measurement system.
[0014] The processing unit then determines orders transmitted to the optical processing system, or even to the light generator. This processing unit determines in particular the shape to be projected to obtain a projected light form on the ground which is invariant regardless of the position of the projector. Thus, the processing unit stores, for example, the information relating to the positioning of the projector with respect to the area to be illuminated, then calculates mathematically according to stored relationships the shape to be projected according to the position in the space of the projector or the magnification of a zooming device of the optical processing system. The processing unit may also control the light generator or filter of the optical processing system to adjust the power of light emitted by the projector or light source. This characteristic allows to project a luminous form which respects the regulations relating to the eye safety of individuals on the ground. This device may further comprise one or more of the following features.
[0015] Thus, the light generator may include at least one quasi-monochromatic light source. A laser diode or a light emitting diode emitting a quasi-monochromatic light beam may be used.
[0016] The quasi-monochromatic expression is known to those skilled in the art and signifies that the spectrum of the light beam emitted by the light source comprises a single line emitted in a low-dimensional frequency range, namely a range of order of 5 nanometers for example.
[0017] In particular, the light source emits a light beam having a spectrum comprising a line at a frequency between 350 nm (nanometers) and 900 nm to obtain an optimized visual perception in a bright ambient environment. Furthermore, the optical processing system may comprise a spatial image encoder and a zooming device arranged downstream of the spatial image encoder. The term "downstream" is to be apprehended according to the direction of propagation of the light. Therefore, the spatial image encoder may comprise, for example: a polarizer, a collimator and a spatial optical modulator referred to as "Spatial Light Modulator" in the English language and known by the acronyms LCD or LCOS, or a matrix of micro mirrors known by the acronym DMD meaning "Digital Micromirror Device" in English, or - a beam XY scanner forming an acousto-optic doublet. The zooming device may be electrically adjustable by including an electrically adjustable lens, or a lens doublet provided with a lens that slides along an axis.
[0018] In another aspect, the light generator may include a plurality of quasi-monochromatic light sources.
[0019] The device may in particular comprise a polychromatic system based on several light sources as well as two or more stages of spatial modulation and recombination of the light beams to generate light lines of different shapes and / or colors. One line can be represented using dashed lines and another line using a solid line. Furthermore, the lighting device may comprise a control device controlled by a pilot to adjust the thickness of the lines projected on the ground, said control device being connected to the processing unit. In addition, the lighting device may comprise a swivel turret according to at least two axes, the projector being carried by the turret.
[0020] The projector is thus movable relative to the fuselage of the aircraft. A gyrostabilized platform can be used in addition to the biaxial turret. The turret may cooperate with a pilot-operated manual control system, or even with a servo system using the geographic coordinates of the area to be illuminated to allow the projector to directly point an area specified by its geographical coordinates. Furthermore, the measurement system may comprise at least one device to be selected from a list comprising: a rangefinder, a positioning system in the space of the aircraft, a system measuring a direction of the projector relative to the aircraft , a system determining an attitude of the aircraft, a system measuring an orientation of the projector with respect to the land surface, a manual system allowing an individual to enter altitude or geographical information. The measurement system can thus provide information relating to the orientation of the projector in the space to determine a projection axis of the projector according to which axis the projector emits light. This measurement system can for example measure the orientation in the space of the projector by means of a system measuring a direction of the projector relative to the terrestrial surface. For this purpose, an inertial unit or equivalent and / or sensors each capable of measuring an angle such as an inclinometer can be used. This measurement system can measure the orientation in the space of the aircraft and the orientation of the projector relative to the aircraft. For example, the measurement system then comprises a system measuring an orientation of the projector relative to the aircraft such as a system comprising angular sensors, and a system determining an attitude of the aircraft such as a system comprising a central unit. inertial or inclinometers for example. The measurement system may also include a range finder that measures distance information relative to the distance that the light emitted by the projector travels to the ground. The measurement system can thus provide information directly relating to this distance. However, the measurement system can indirectly determine this information by determining a vertical distance separating the aircraft and the ground according to gravity, and a horizontal distance between a projection according to the gravity of the aircraft on the ground and the luminous shape. projected on the floor by the projector. For this purpose, the measurement system may comprise a positioning system in the space of the aircraft and / or a manual system enabling an individual to enter height or geographical information. The positioning system comprises for example a GPS system for determining the coordinates in the space of the aircraft. These coordinates make it possible in particular to evaluate the height of the aircraft, namely the vertical distance separating the aircraft from the ground according to gravity. The soil is to be considered in the broad sense, this soil can be solid or liquid soil if necessary. A radio altimeter can also be used for this purpose.
[0021] The manual system may comprise usual means allowing an individual to parameterize the height of the aircraft and / or the coordinates of the area to be illuminated, such as a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen, etc. The horizontal distance can then be deduced from the coordinates of the aircraft and the coordinates of the area to be illuminated. The measurement system can thus comprise a rangefinder, a positioning system known by the acronym GPS, or even an input device controllable by an individual to enter the value of at least one parameter.
[0022] In addition, a servo system for a landing light can be used to point a light beam in the same direction as the projector.
[0023] In addition to a lighting device, the invention is directed to an aircraft equipped with this lighting device. The invention and its advantages will appear in more detail in the following description with examples given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures which represent: FIG. 1, a schematic three-dimensional view of an aircraft according to the invention - Figure 2, a schematic view of a lighting device 10 according to the invention, - Figure 3, a view illustrating the operation of a measuring system of the lighting device, - the figure 4, a view of a turret of a lighting device, FIG. 5, a view explaining the method according to the invention, FIGS. 6 and 7, views of a projected light form, and - Figure 8, a view explaining a variant of an aircraft 20 provided with a lighting device according to the invention cooperating with a lighthouse. The elements present in several separate figures are assigned a single reference. Figure 1 shows an aircraft 1 according to the invention.
[0024] This aircraft 1 comprises a fuselage 2 which extends longitudinally from a nose to a tail. This fuselage delimits successively, from the nose to the tail, a cabin 3 followed by a tail boom 4. In addition, the fuselage extends in elevation from a landing gear 600.
[0025] The undercarriage 600 of Figure 1 comprises a skate landing gear. Nevertheless, this undercarriage may for example have a ski landing gear, or a plurality of landing gear each carrying one or more wheels.
[0026] The aircraft 1 further comprises a rotary wing which is provided with at least one rotor 5. This rotating wing comprises for example at least one rotor 5 carried by the fuselage 2. Each rotor of the rotary wing comprises in addition a plurality of blades 6. Each blade 6 extends in span of a root 7 attached to a rotor drive means for rotating at a free end 8. The free end of the blades of a rotor moves along the periphery of a circle called "circle of levitation 9" for convenience. Furthermore, the aircraft may comprise at least one landing light 100 emitting a light beam 110. In addition, the aircraft 1 comprises a lighting device 10 according to the invention. This lighting device 10 emits a light form called "emitted light form 90" to project on a landing zone 250 of the ground 200 overflown a luminous shape 25 called "projected light form 91". The emitted luminous form is also referred to as "corrected luminous form" thereafter. With reference to FIG. 2, the illumination device 10 comprises a light generator 15 optically connected to an optical processing system 30 of a projector 20. The light generator 15 and the projector 20 are controlled by a unit. The light generator may be offset from the projector 20, or be part of this projector 20. The light generator 15 has at least one light source 17 connected to a power supply system 16. Each light source 17 can emit a quasi-monochromatic light. For example, each light source 17 comprises a laser diode, or a light emitting diode. In the presence of a plurality of light sources 17, the lighting device may comprise a combiner 18, for example in the light generator 15.
[0027] In addition, the lighting device may comprise at least one light modulation system 19, for example a light source modulation system 17. The light generated by the light generator is then transmitted to a light source modulation system. optical treatment 30 of the projector 20 to be shaped. The projector then transforms the generated light to generate a corrected light shape 90 at the output of the projector 20. This corrected light shape 90 then gives rise to a projected light shape 91 on the floor 200. The lighting device may comprise a polarizer 36 25 is arranged upstream of the optical processing system 30 or within this optical processing system 30. The polarizer can belong to the projector or be offset relative to this projector.
[0028] On the other hand, the optical processing system 30 may include a spatial image encoder 35 followed by a zooming device 40 for generating the corrected light form 90. The spatial image encoder 35 may be within a range of 5 to 30 degrees. alignment of the zoom device 40 serving as a projection system. However, the spatial image encoder 35 may be shifted relative to the zoom device 40 for reasons of space, the projector then comprising at least one optical redirection means for optically connecting the spatial image encoder 35. and the zooming device 40. Therefore, the spatial image encoder 35 of FIG. 2 is provided with a collimator 37 and a spatial optical modulator 38 making it possible to generate a luminous form called "intermediate luminous shape 92". .
[0029] Alternatively, the spatial image encoder 35 may optionally include a micromirror array, or a beam X-Y scanner. The intermediate light form is then transmitted optically to the zoom device. This transmission can take place in the air for example, the intermediate light form being projected towards the zooming device 40. This zoom device 40 can be a usual device. For example, the zoom device 40 includes a fixed lens 41 and a movable lens 42. The output of the zoom device generates the corrected light shape 90 projected by the projector 20. To control the light generator 15 and the processing system 30, the lighting device 10 is provided with a processing unit 50.
[0030] The processing unit 50 thus transmits control commands via wired or non-wired links to the light generator 15 and to the optical processing system 30. Such orders can take the form of electrical or computer signals.
[0031] This processing unit 50 is provided with a storage unit 52. The storage unit 52 has for example a plurality of memories 53, and in particular a non-volatile memory storing instructions to execute and a volatile memory storing data resulting of measures or parameters entered by an individual. Moreover, the processing unit 50 is provided with a calculation unit 51. This calculation unit may comprise at least one processor or equivalent, the processor executing instructions stored in the storage unit 52.
[0032] In particular, the processing unit 50 transmits commands to turn off or turn on the light generator 15 on the order of a pilot. For example, a pilot requires a button to turn off or turn on the light generator 15. The processing unit then controls, for example, a switch of the power supply system 16. Similarly, the processing unit 50 can transmit commands to the light generator 15 to adjust the light intensity of the projected light shape 91 so as not to dazzle individuals on the floor 200. The processing unit then controls the sources of light. light 17 for example to reduce or increase the intensity of light generated by at least one light source.
[0033] In addition, the processing unit can transmit commands to the spatial image encoder 35 and / or the zoom device 40 to project the projected light form 91 to the ground. For this purpose, the processing unit 50 is connected to a measurement system 60 which determines at least one information relating to the position of the lighting device 10 in the airspace, and in particular at least one information relating to the position of the projector 20. measurement allows the lighting device 10 to determine at least a distance relative to the distance to be traveled by the light between the projector and the ground, and at least one angle to position a projection axis followed by the light by the projector compared to the ground. With these data, the processing unit calculates the setting parameter value and transmits commands to the light generator and the optical processing system 30 to obtain the desired projected light shape 91. For this purpose, the constructor establishes mathematical formulas by applying known geometric rules, even by carrying out tests or simulations. Alternatively, at least one database provides the appropriate settings based on the data collected by the measurement system 60. The database can be obtained by testing or simulations.
[0034] This measurement system 60 may include a rangefinder 62. This rangefinder may be carried by the projector to directly determine the distance 80 separating along a straight line the projector 20 from the illuminated area 250 by this projector on the ground.
[0035] Such an illuminated zone represents the target landing zone of the aircraft. Alternatively and with reference to FIG. 3, a rangefinder or radio altimeter can also measure the height 81 of the aircraft.
[0036] Therefore, a system 67 visible in Figure 2 can be used by an individual to enter the coordinates of the area to be illuminated 250. In addition, the measurement system may include a positioning system 63 in the space of the aircraft 1 visible in FIG. 2, such as a GPS system or the like which makes it possible to determine the coordinates of the aircraft in the terrestrial reference system. The processing unit can then derive from these geographical coordinates a horizontal distance 82, or even the height 81. The height 81 and the horizontal distance 82 are then representative of the distance 80 separating along a straight line the projector 20 from the zone illuminated 250 by this projector. With reference to FIG. 2, the measurement system may comprise a system 61 measuring a direction of the projector relative to the aircraft 1.
[0037] The term "projector orientation" refers to the orientation of a projection axis AX1 of the projector, the projector emitting light along this projection axis AX1. With reference to FIG. 3, the system 61 measuring an orientation of the projector projector relative to the aircraft 1 can measure at least an angle 351 separating said projection axis AX1 from a reference axis AXREF of the aircraft. Such a system 61 measuring an orientation of the projector relative to the aircraft 1 may comprise an angular sensor for example.
[0038] For example, the system 61 measures at least one of the following angles: a roll angle of the projector with respect to a roll axis of the aircraft, a pitch angle of the projector with respect to a pitch axis of the aircraft. The aircraft, and a yaw angle of the searchlight with respect to a yaw axis of the aircraft Referring to FIG. 2, the measurement system may comprise a system 64 determining an attitude of the aircraft, namely an angle roll, a pitch angle and a yaw angle of the aircraft.
[0039] With reference to FIG. 3, the system 64 determining an attitude of the aircraft can measure at least an angle 352 separating a reference axis of the aircraft from a terrestrial reference, and for example gravity AX2. As a result, the system 61 measuring an orientation of the headlamp with respect to the aircraft 1 and the system 64 determining an attitude of the aircraft jointly enable the processing unit to position the axis of projection AX1 in the landmark . With reference to FIG. 2, the lighting device may comprise a system 66 directly measuring an orientation 353 of the projector 20 with respect to the terrestrial surface visible in FIG. 3. Possibly and with reference to FIG. 2, the system may include a manual system 67 allowing an individual to enter the geographical coordinates of the area to be illuminated. Furthermore, the lighting device 10 may comprise a control device 65 controlled by a pilot to adjust the thickness of lines projected on the ground by the projector. This control device 65 is connected to the processing unit 50. This control device may comprise a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen, a button, a voice system ... Moreover, and with reference to FIG. 4, the lighting device 10 comprises a turret 70 for orienting the projection axis AX1 of the projector 20. The turret is steerable along at least two axes 71, 72, using conventional motorized means. Therefore, the projector 20 is carried by the turret 70. According to the method applied by the lighting device, and with reference to FIG. 5, the aircraft 1 projects on the floor with a projector 20 a projected luminous shape. The projected light form 91 comprises at least one light line 95 which delimits a geometric surface 400. This geometrical surface 400 represents a landing zone targeted by the aircraft, this aircraft 1 being maneuvered to place at least a part of its plane. landing gear on the geometrical surface 400. Furthermore, this projected light form 91 remains the same regardless of the position of the projector 20 in the airspace 300. Indeed, the processing unit of the lighting device 20 controls this device. to ensure that the projected luminous shape 91 remains the same regardless of the position of the projector 20 in the airspace 300. FIG. 5 illustrates this aspect by presenting the aircraft 1 at two different heights H1, H2.
[0040] Depending on the position of the projector, the corrected light shape 90 emitted at the projector output varies so that the projected light pattern 91 drawn on the floor retains constant dimensions. For each position of the aircraft 3034078 26 illustrated in Figure 5, this Figure 5 shows the corrected light form 90 and the projected light form. To obtain this result, an initial luminous shape comprises each light line. This initial light shape 5 is then corrected according to the position of the projector 20 in the airspace 300 to obtain the corrected light form 90. Indeed, the projector can be set to project an initial light shape, namely a shape by default. The processing unit may determine control commands transmitted to the projector and / or the light generator to correct the initial light shape according to the position of the projector 20 in the airspace 300. The corrected light shape 90 is then projected with the projector to obtain the projected light form 91 15 required on the ground. The correction of the initial luminous shape can be carried out as a function, on the one hand, of at least one information relating to a distance separating the projector from a zone illuminated by this projector, and on the other hand of at least one relative information. at at least one angle of a projector relative to the ground. Moreover and with reference to FIG. 6, at least one light line 95 describes a circle 96, 97 which is illuminated. Therefore, at least one circle defines a surface 400 on which the aircraft 1 aims to land.
[0041] In addition, at least one light line may represent a projection on the ground of an organ of the aircraft at scale one, this projection being arranged in line with the place that should occupy this body following the landing. .
[0042] Such a member may be a tail boom or a rotor of the aircraft 1. Thus, a light line 95 represents a light circle called "inner circle 96" which corresponds to the projection on the ground at the one-level scale. of the lifting circle 9 at the end of the expected landing. A light line 95 may also form a segment 98 which represents a landing axis of the aircraft 1. In particular, this segment 98 may represent the projection on the ground one of the tail beam 4 of the aircraft 1 to the ladder one at the end of the expected landing. Finally, a third light line may form a circle called "outer circle 97" which surrounds the inner circle 96. The inner circle 96 and the outer circle 97 are concentric. In addition, the outer circle 97 may have a diameter 970 at least equal to twice the diameter 960 of the inner circle 96. According to the applied method, at least one light line has a constant luminosity regardless of the position of the projector 20 in the interior. airspace 300.
[0043] Furthermore, the thickness 500 of at least one light line is adjustable on request by a pilot. With reference to FIG. 7, two distinct light lines may have different colors and / or shapes. According to the example of FIG. 7, the inner circle is materialized by a continuous line of green color, while the outer circle is indicated by a red dashed line for example.
[0044] Finally, and with reference to FIG. 8, the lighting device can be coupled with a landing beacon, this landing beacon projecting a light beam 110 towards the projected light form 91. A servo-control system at one Landing Lighthouse 5 can be used to point a light beam with the landing light in the same direction as the projected light form emitted by the headlamp. Naturally, the present invention is subject to many variations as to its implementation. Although several embodiments have been described, it is well understood that it is not conceivable to exhaustively identify all possible modes. It is of course conceivable to replace a means described by equivalent means without departing from the scope of the present invention.
[0045] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method and a device for signaling the ground to an aircraft in flight, and an aircraft equipped with this device. In particular, the invention is in the technical field of lights signaling that an aircraft is approaching a landing area, particularly at night. An aircraft may be allowed to fly at night, and thus to land at a landing area at night. The landing area can be prepared to be perfectly lit and delimited. Individuals on the ground therefore carefully avoid this landing area to not be impacted by an aircraft landing on this landing area. Nevertheless, an aircraft may be asked to land on a landing area with little or no light. In particular, a short landing aircraft such as a rotorcraft can land on multiple areas, and not necessarily on a runway of an aerodrome 20 perfectly equipped with lighting means in particular. A rotary wing aircraft can in particular land in the countryside to assist individuals, following an accident for example. As a result, landing an aircraft on an unprepared area can be delicate and even dangerous for the aircraft and the individuals on the ground.
[0046] 3034078 2 An aircraft then usually comprises landing lights to illuminate the target landing area. Landing lights tend in particular to allow the identification of possible ground hazards for the aircraft, such as natural or unnatural obstacles. A landing light may emit a light beam using a halogen lamp, or a non-directive high-pressure glow discharge lamp known by the acronym HID. Parabolic mirrors and motors are optionally used to collimate the light beam in a given direction. A landing light may also include a light emitting diode lamp known by the acronym LED to emit a light beam. An optical system known as "TIR Lens" can be used to model such a light beam. A landing light is therefore limited to projecting a light beam so that the pilot can see in the dark. This light beam covers the ground all of a round or oval surface. The light emitted at the periphery of the beam can be substantially diffused by forming a luminous halo. In addition, the landing lights also make it possible to illuminate a landing zone to signal this landing zone to individuals on the ground. These individuals then avoid the illuminated zone so as not to be impacted by an aircraft during landing. However, in a sector with high ambient light, an individual may have difficulty in formally identifying the area illuminated by the aircraft.
[0047] For example, on particular landing areas where many vehicles are present, the headlights of these vehicles may interfere with the identification of the area illuminated by an aircraft. As an illustration, many vehicles can intervene in a given sector during a rescue mission. Therefore, the identification of the area illuminated by an aircraft in the landing phase can be difficult. The current helicopters are then essentially spotted by the noise emitted by these helicopters. The illumination provided by a landing light can indeed be used to warn individuals that a helicopter is in the approach phase, but this solution is not always satisfactory. The present invention therefore aims to provide a method for an aircraft to accurately report the landing zone targeted by this aircraft. The documents CN102998885, CN104036475, DE102013009803 and WO201519208 are cited for illustrative purposes but do not belong to the technical field of the invention, and do not provide a teaching to solve the problem described above. The invention therefore relates to a method for signaling on a ground a landing zone of an aircraft in flight, this landing zone being targeted by an aircraft flying at an altitude between a maximum altitude and a minimum altitude.
[0048] According to this method, the aircraft projects on the ground with a projector a luminous shape called "projected light form" comprising at least one light line, at least one light line delimiting a geometrical surface, the aircraft tending to pose at least one part of an undercarriage of this aircraft on this geometrical surface, the projected light form being identical regardless of the position of said projector in the airspace. According to this method, the aircraft emits a luminous shape 5 that forms a luminous shape projected on the ground. The expression "projected light form" thus designates the shape drawn on the ground by the aircraft's headlamp. This projected light form comprises at least one light line, and in particular a light line which delimits a geometric surface.
[0049] For example, the geometric surface is not illuminated by the projector projecting the luminous shape. As a result, a light line is not comparable to a fully illuminated disc. A light line according to the invention may delimit a geometric surface, the geometric surface possibly being at least partially illuminated, for example by a conventional landing light. This geometric surface can then represent a landing zone. Furthermore, the light beam projected on the ground by a conventional landing light has dimensions that vary according to the altitude of the aircraft. This light beam typically illuminates a small diameter disc when the aircraft is at low altitude, and a large diameter disc when the aircraft is at high altitude. Conversely, according to the invention the projected light form 25 designed the ground has fixed dimensions, namely dimensions that remain constant regardless of the position of the projector in the airspace. Because of the accuracy of the various instruments, the expression "the projected luminous shape being identical regardless of the position of said projector in the air space" means that the dimensions of the projected luminous shape are included in a range of 3034078. restricted dimensions of the order of ten percent of the theoretical dimension, for example. As an illustration, a luminous circle with a theoretical diameter of 10 meters can have a real diameter oscillating between 9 meters and 5 11 meters. As a result, the altitude of the aircraft and the inclination of the projector relative to the terrestrial reference have no significant impact according to the invention on the shape drawn on the ground by the aircraft. The geometrical surface therefore always represents an area 10 where a landing gear of the aircraft will be placed, and therefore the landing zone of the aircraft. As a result, individuals on the ground can easily identify the landing zone. In addition, this projected light form is made from light lines and not from a beam illuminating the entire round or oval surface. As a result, the light form is easier to identify in an environment partially illuminated by vehicle headlights. The minimum altitude can be zero. Nevertheless and to simplify the lighting device implementing this method, the minimum altitude can be of the order of 20 meters, and the maximum altitude of the order of 200 meters. Indeed, when the aircraft is very close to the ground, a complex optical system must be used to display the required shape.
[0050] Similarly, when the aircraft is operating at a high altitude, the device must have high resolution systems to be effective.
[0051] This method may further include one or more of the following features. Therefore, a light line may describe a luminous circle on the ground, the aircraft tending to place at least a portion of a landing gear of this aircraft within this circle. Instead of illuminating a disc, the lighting device then generates a luminous circle. A circle has the advantage of being perfectly identifiable. The light lines may further have characteristic colors that differ from the yellow or white color of the landing lights. For example, light lines may be green or red. Furthermore, at least one light line may represent a projection on the ground of an organ of the aircraft at scale one, this projection being arranged in line with the place that should occupy said member after landing. The luminous form projected on the ground can take various aspects. However, a projected luminous shape may advantageously represent an aircraft member at the scale of one. This feature makes it even easier to identify the aircraft for individuals on the ground. Likewise, this characteristic facilitates the work of a pilot by at least partially representing the footprint of this aircraft on the ground at the end of the landing. For example, the aircraft comprising a rotary wing provided with blades, the blades comprising a free end describing in rotation a so-called "circle of levitation", a luminous line describes a light circle called "inner circle" representing a projection on the ground at the scale of one of said ground support circle. As a result, the projector emits a luminous form called "emitted luminous shape" which projects onto the ground a projected luminous shape describing a circle representative of the bulk of the rotary wing of the aircraft. Thanks to this system, whatever the altitude, the pilot can thus visualize the position of the rotary wing after the landing. This pilot can notably easily detect dangerous objects for the rotary wing in the illuminated area. Similarly, individuals on the ground can determine where the rotary wing of the aircraft will be, and can avoid parking in an area dangerous to them.
[0052] Furthermore, another light line optionally describes a circle called "outer circle" which surrounds the inner circle. The outer circle defines a safety zone to respect vis-à-vis the aircraft. For example, the outer circle has a diameter at least twice the diameter of the inner circle, the inner circle and the outer circle being concentric. In addition, a light line may describe a segment that represents a landing axis of the aircraft. This segment then facilitates the approach of the aircraft to the ground.
[0053] In particular, the aircraft comprising a cabin extended by a tail boom, a light line describes a segment which represents the tail boom of the aircraft at scale one.
[0054] The representation of the tail boom visually indicates the horizontal angle of approach of the aircraft towards its landing zone. Favorably, the method according to the invention can establish to project a light form called "projected light form" drawing on the ground an inner circle representing a rotor of the aircraft on the scale one, an outer circle which is concentric with the inner circle. and which represents a safety zone, and a segment representing the tail boom of the aircraft at a scale of one. The segment representing the tail boom may for example have a line thickness greater than the thickness of the circles. All the information needed by the pilot or the ground personnel is then projected onto the ground on the landing zone. Furthermore, at least one light line can have a constant brightness regardless of the position of the projector in the airspace. In addition to constant dimensions, the projected light form 20 drawn on the ground can have a constant brightness. This characteristic tends, for example, to limit the risk of dazzling an individual present on the ground. To generate a shape on the ground, it is possible to determine an initial luminous shape comprising each light line. The initial light shape is then corrected according to the position of the headlamp in the airspace to obtain a corrected luminous shape, and then the corrected light form is projected with the headlamp to obtain on the ground the projected luminous shape having 3034078 dimensions. invariant regardless of the position of the projector in the airspace. The luminous form emitted by the headlamp is therefore the corrected luminous shape, this corrected luminous shape giving birth to the projected light form. According to this method, an initial light form is established, and then this initial light form is deformed if necessary so that the projected light form drawn on the ground has dimensions that do not vary.
[0055] The width of the light lines of the initial light drawn on the ground can also be adjusted to allow an ideal visualization of the pilot of the various lines on the ground. Moreover, in order to correct the initial light shape as a function of the position of the headlamp in the airspace, the initial light shape can be corrected as a function of at least one piece of information relating to a distance separating the headlamp from the headlamp. an area illuminated by this projector and on the other hand at least one information relating to at least one angle of a projector relative to the ground.
[0056] In particular, the initial light shape can be corrected according to an angle present between a projection axis of the headlamp and the direction of gravity, or an angle present between a projection axis of the headlamp and the ground considered as horizontal.
[0057] For example, the initial light shape is corrected according to at least one orientation to be selected from the following list: an orientation of the aircraft relative to the earth's surface illustrated by at least one of the following angles, namely a roll angle, a pitch angle and a yaw angle of the aircraft in the terrestrial reference, - an orientation of the projector relative to the earth's surface illustrated by at least one of the following angles, namely a roll angle, an angle pitch and a yaw angle of the searchlight in the terrestrial reference, - an orientation of the searchlight relative to the aircraft 10 illustrated by at least one of the following angles, namely a roll angle, a pitch angle and a yaw angle of projector in the reference of the aircraft. In addition, the luminous shape is corrected according to an information representative of a distance separating the projector 15 from a zone illuminated by this projector through at least one parameter of the following list: a vertical distance according to the gravity between the projector and the ground, this vertical distance being for example deduced from the altitude of the aircraft provided by a positioning system known by the acronym GPS and the altitude of the ground manually set or automatically determined by a calculator, - a distance between the headlamp and the shape projected on the ground, 25 - a horizontal distance between a projection according to the gravity of the aircraft on the ground and the light form projected on the ground, this horizontal distance being for example deduced by calculation from the geographical coordinates of the aircraft provided by the positioning system 3034078 and geographical coordinates of the projected form on the floor set manually or automatically determined by a calculator. Moreover, it is possible to adjust the thickness of at least one light line at the request of a pilot of the aircraft. In addition to a method, the invention relates to a lighting device for signaling on a ground a landing zone of an aircraft in flight. This lighting device comprises a light generator 10 connected to an optical processing system of a projector, the lighting device comprising a processing unit connected to the optical processing system and to a measuring system which determines at least one information relating to the position in the airspace of the headlamp, the processing unit applying said method described above for controlling the optical processing system in order to project on the ground at least one light line delimiting a geometrical surface, the luminous form projected being identical regardless of the position of said projector. In particular, the measurement system can determine at least one piece of information making it possible to identify the path that the light form emitted by the projector must travel. This path can be identified using projector orientation information and distance to travel. The processing unit may further comprise a computing unit provided with at least one processor or equivalent, and a storage unit provided with at least one non-volatile memory. The computing unit then executes information stored in the storage unit to apply the method according to the invention according to the data transmitted by the measurement system.
[0058] The processing unit then determines orders transmitted to the optical processing system, or even to the light generator. This processing unit determines in particular the shape to be projected to obtain a projected light form on the ground which is invariant regardless of the position of the projector. Thus, the processing unit stores, for example, the information relating to the positioning of the projector with respect to the area to be illuminated, then calculates mathematically according to stored relationships the shape to be projected according to the position in the space of the projector or the magnification of a zooming device of the optical processing system. The processing unit may also control the light generator or filter of the optical processing system to adjust the power of light emitted by the projector or light source. This characteristic allows to project a luminous form which respects the regulations relating to the eye safety of individuals on the ground. This device may further comprise one or more of the following features.
[0059] Thus, the light generator may include at least one quasi-monochromatic light source. A laser diode or a light emitting diode emitting a quasi-monochromatic light beam may be used.
[0060] The quasi-monochromatic expression is known to those skilled in the art and signifies that the spectrum of the light beam emitted by the light source comprises a single line emitted in a low-dimensional frequency range, namely a range of order of 5 nanometers for example.
[0061] In particular, the light source emits a light beam having a spectrum comprising a line at a frequency between 350 nm (nanometers) and 900 nm to obtain an optimized visual perception in a bright ambient environment. Furthermore, the optical processing system may comprise a spatial image encoder and a zooming device arranged downstream of the spatial image encoder. The term "downstream" is to be apprehended according to the direction of propagation of the light. Therefore, the spatial image encoder may comprise, for example: a polarizer, a collimator and a spatial optical modulator referred to as "Spatial Light Modulator" in the English language and known by the acronyms LCD or LCOS, or a matrix of micro mirrors known by the acronym DMD meaning "Digital Micromirror Device" in English, or - a beam XY scanner forming an acousto-optic doublet. The zooming device may be electrically adjustable by including an electrically adjustable lens, or a lens doublet provided with a lens that slides along an axis.
[0062] In another aspect, the light generator may include a plurality of quasi-monochromatic light sources.
[0063] The device may in particular comprise a polychromatic system based on several light sources as well as two or more stages of spatial modulation and recombination of the light beams to generate light lines of different shapes and / or colors. One line can be represented using dashed lines and another line using a solid line. Furthermore, the lighting device may comprise a control device controlled by a pilot to adjust the thickness of the lines projected on the ground, said control device being connected to the processing unit. In addition, the lighting device may comprise a swivel turret according to at least two axes, the projector being carried by the turret.
[0064] The projector is thus movable relative to the fuselage of the aircraft. A gyrostabilized platform can be used in addition to the biaxial turret. The turret may cooperate with a pilot-operated manual control system, or even with a servo system using the geographic coordinates of the area to be illuminated to allow the projector to directly point an area specified by its geographical coordinates. Furthermore, the measurement system may comprise at least one device to be selected from a list comprising: a rangefinder, a positioning system in the space of the aircraft, a system measuring a direction of the projector relative to the aircraft , a system determining an attitude of the aircraft, a system measuring an orientation of the projector with respect to the land surface, a manual system allowing an individual to enter altitude or geographical information. The measurement system can thus provide information relating to the orientation of the projector in the space to determine a projection axis of the projector according to which axis the projector emits light. This measurement system can for example measure the orientation in the space of the projector by means of a system measuring a direction of the projector relative to the terrestrial surface. For this purpose, an inertial unit or equivalent and / or sensors each capable of measuring an angle such as an inclinometer can be used. This measurement system can measure the orientation in the space of the aircraft and the orientation of the projector relative to the aircraft. For example, the measurement system then comprises a system measuring an orientation of the projector relative to the aircraft such as a system comprising angular sensors, and a system determining an attitude of the aircraft such as a system comprising a central unit. inertial or inclinometers for example. The measurement system may also include a range finder that measures distance information relative to the distance that the light emitted by the projector travels to the ground. The measurement system can thus provide information directly relating to this distance. However, the measurement system can indirectly determine this information by determining a vertical distance separating the aircraft and the ground according to gravity, and a horizontal distance between a projection according to the gravity of the aircraft on the ground and the luminous shape. projected on the floor by the projector. For this purpose, the measurement system may comprise a positioning system in the space of the aircraft and / or a manual system enabling an individual to enter height or geographical information. The positioning system comprises for example a GPS system for determining the coordinates in the space of the aircraft. These coordinates make it possible in particular to evaluate the height of the aircraft, namely the vertical distance separating the aircraft from the ground according to gravity. The soil is to be considered in the broad sense, this soil can be solid or liquid soil if necessary. A radio altimeter can also be used for this purpose.
[0065] The manual system may comprise usual means allowing an individual to parameterize the height of the aircraft and / or the coordinates of the area to be illuminated, such as a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen, etc. The horizontal distance can then be deduced from the coordinates of the aircraft and the coordinates of the area to be illuminated. The measurement system can thus comprise a rangefinder, a positioning system known by the acronym GPS, or even an input device controllable by an individual to enter the value of at least one parameter.
[0066] In addition, a servo system for a landing light can be used to point a light beam in the same direction as the projector.
[0067] In addition to a lighting device, the invention is directed to an aircraft equipped with this lighting device. The invention and its advantages will appear in more detail in the following description with examples given by way of illustration with reference to the appended figures which represent: FIG. 1, a schematic three-dimensional view of an aircraft according to the invention - Figure 2, a schematic view of a lighting device 10 according to the invention, - Figure 3, a view illustrating the operation of a measuring system of the lighting device, - the figure 4, a view of a turret of a lighting device, FIG. 5, a view explaining the method according to the invention, FIGS. 6 and 7, views of a projected light form, and - Figure 8, a view explaining a variant of an aircraft 20 provided with a lighting device according to the invention cooperating with a lighthouse. The elements present in several separate figures are assigned a single reference. Figure 1 shows an aircraft 1 according to the invention.
[0068] This aircraft 1 comprises a fuselage 2 which extends longitudinally from a nose to a tail. This fuselage delimits successively, from the nose to the tail, a cabin 3 followed by a tail boom 4. In addition, the fuselage extends in elevation from a landing gear 600.
[0069] The undercarriage 600 of Figure 1 comprises a skate landing gear. Nevertheless, this undercarriage may for example have a ski landing gear, or a plurality of landing gear each carrying one or more wheels.
[0070] The aircraft 1 further comprises a rotary wing which is provided with at least one rotor 5. This rotating wing comprises for example at least one rotor 5 carried by the fuselage 2. Each rotor of the rotary wing comprises in addition a plurality of blades 6. Each blade 6 extends in span of a root 7 attached to a rotor drive means for rotating at a free end 8. The free end of the blades of a rotor moves along the periphery of a circle called "circle of levitation 9" for convenience. Furthermore, the aircraft may comprise at least one landing light 100 emitting a light beam 110. In addition, the aircraft 1 comprises a lighting device 10 according to the invention. This lighting device 10 emits a light form called "emitted light form 90" to project on a landing zone 250 of the ground 200 overflown a luminous shape 25 called "projected light form 91". The emitted luminous form is also referred to as "corrected luminous form" thereafter. With reference to FIG. 2, the illumination device 10 comprises a light generator 15 optically connected to an optical processing system 30 of a projector 20. The light generator 15 and the projector 20 are controlled by a unit. The light generator may be offset from the projector 20, or be part of this projector 20. The light generator 15 has at least one light source 17 connected to a power supply system 16. Each light source 17 can emit a quasi-monochromatic light. For example, each light source 17 comprises a laser diode, or a light emitting diode. In the presence of a plurality of light sources 17, the lighting device may comprise a combiner 18, for example in the light generator 15.
[0071] In addition, the lighting device may comprise at least one light modulation system 19, for example a light source modulation system 17. The light generated by the light generator is then transmitted to a light source modulation system. optical treatment 30 of the projector 20 to be shaped. The projector then transforms the generated light to generate a corrected light shape 90 at the output of the projector 20. This corrected light shape 90 then gives rise to a projected light shape 91 on the floor 200. The lighting device may comprise a polarizer 36 25 is arranged upstream of the optical processing system 30 or within this optical processing system 30. The polarizer can belong to the projector or be offset relative to this projector.
[0072] On the other hand, the optical processing system 30 may include a spatial image encoder 35 followed by a zooming device 40 for generating the corrected light form 90. The spatial image encoder 35 may be within a range of 5 to 30 degrees. alignment of the zoom device 40 serving as a projection system. However, the spatial image encoder 35 may be shifted relative to the zoom device 40 for reasons of space, the projector then comprising at least one optical redirection means for optically connecting the spatial image encoder 35. and the zooming device 40. Therefore, the spatial image encoder 35 of FIG. 2 is provided with a collimator 37 and a spatial optical modulator 38 making it possible to generate a luminous form called "intermediate luminous shape 92". .
[0073] Alternatively, the spatial image encoder 35 may optionally include a micromirror array, or a beam X-Y scanner. The intermediate light form is then transmitted optically to the zoom device. This transmission can take place in the air for example, the intermediate light form being projected towards the zooming device 40. This zoom device 40 can be a usual device. For example, the zoom device 40 includes a fixed lens 41 and a movable lens 42. The output of the zoom device generates the corrected light shape 90 projected by the projector 20. To control the light generator 15 and the processing system 30, the lighting device 10 is provided with a processing unit 50.
[0074] The processing unit 50 thus transmits control commands via wired or non-wired links to the light generator 15 and to the optical processing system 30. Such orders can take the form of electrical or computer signals.
[0075] This processing unit 50 is provided with a storage unit 52. The storage unit 52 has for example a plurality of memories 53, and in particular a non-volatile memory storing instructions to execute and a volatile memory storing data resulting of measures or parameters entered by an individual. Moreover, the processing unit 50 is provided with a calculation unit 51. This calculation unit may comprise at least one processor or equivalent, the processor executing instructions stored in the storage unit 52.
[0076] In particular, the processing unit 50 transmits commands to turn off or turn on the light generator 15 on the order of a pilot. For example, a pilot requires a button to turn off or turn on the light generator 15. The processing unit then controls, for example, a switch of the power supply system 16. Similarly, the processing unit 50 can transmit commands to the light generator 15 to adjust the light intensity of the projected light shape 91 so as not to dazzle individuals on the floor 200. The processing unit then controls the sources of light. light 17 for example to reduce or increase the intensity of light generated by at least one light source.
[0077] In addition, the processing unit can transmit commands to the spatial image encoder 35 and / or the zoom device 40 to project the projected light form 91 to the ground. For this purpose, the processing unit 50 is connected to a measurement system 60 which determines at least one information relating to the position of the lighting device 10 in the airspace, and in particular at least one information relating to the position of the projector 20. measurement allows the lighting device 10 to determine at least a distance relative to the distance to be traveled by the light between the projector and the ground, and at least one angle to position a projection axis followed by the light by the projector compared to the ground. With these data, the processing unit calculates the setting parameter value and transmits commands to the light generator and the optical processing system 30 to obtain the desired projected light shape 91. For this purpose, the constructor establishes mathematical formulas by applying known geometric rules, even by carrying out tests or simulations. Alternatively, at least one database provides the appropriate settings based on the data collected by the measurement system 60. The database can be obtained by testing or simulations.
[0078] This measurement system 60 may include a rangefinder 62. This rangefinder may be carried by the projector to directly determine the distance 80 separating along a straight line the projector 20 from the illuminated area 250 by this projector on the ground.
[0079] Such an illuminated zone represents the target landing zone of the aircraft. Alternatively and with reference to FIG. 3, a rangefinder or radio altimeter can also measure the height 81 of the aircraft.
[0080] Therefore, a system 67 visible in Figure 2 can be used by an individual to enter the coordinates of the area to be illuminated 250. In addition, the measurement system may include a positioning system 63 in the space of the aircraft 1 visible in FIG. 2, such as a GPS system or the like which makes it possible to determine the coordinates of the aircraft in the terrestrial reference system. The processing unit can then derive from these geographical coordinates a horizontal distance 82, or even the height 81. The height 81 and the horizontal distance 82 are then representative of the distance 80 separating along a straight line the projector 20 from the zone illuminated 250 by this projector. With reference to FIG. 2, the measurement system may comprise a system 61 measuring a direction of the projector relative to the aircraft 1.
[0081] The term "projector orientation" refers to the orientation of a projection axis AX1 of the projector, the projector emitting light along this projection axis AX1. With reference to FIG. 3, the system 61 measuring an orientation of the projector projector relative to the aircraft 1 can measure at least an angle 351 separating said projection axis AX1 from a reference axis AXREF of the aircraft. Such a system 61 measuring an orientation of the projector relative to the aircraft 1 may comprise an angular sensor for example.
[0082] For example, the system 61 measures at least one of the following angles: a roll angle of the projector with respect to a roll axis of the aircraft, a pitch angle of the projector with respect to a pitch axis of the aircraft. The aircraft, and a yaw angle of the searchlight with respect to a yaw axis of the aircraft Referring to FIG. 2, the measurement system may comprise a system 64 determining an attitude of the aircraft, namely an angle roll, a pitch angle and a yaw angle of the aircraft.
[0083] With reference to FIG. 3, the system 64 determining an attitude of the aircraft can measure at least an angle 352 separating a reference axis of the aircraft from a terrestrial reference, and for example gravity AX2. As a result, the system 61 measuring an orientation of the headlamp with respect to the aircraft 1 and the system 64 determining an attitude of the aircraft jointly enable the processing unit to position the axis of projection AX1 in the landmark . With reference to FIG. 2, the lighting device may comprise a system 66 directly measuring an orientation 353 of the projector 20 with respect to the terrestrial surface visible in FIG. 3. Possibly and with reference to FIG. 2, the system may include a manual system 67 allowing an individual to enter the geographical coordinates of the area to be illuminated. Furthermore, the lighting device 10 may comprise a control device 65 controlled by a pilot to adjust the thickness of lines projected on the ground by the projector. This control device 65 is connected to the processing unit 50. This control device may comprise a mouse, a keyboard, a touch screen, a button, a voice system ... Moreover, and with reference to FIG. 4, the lighting device 10 comprises a turret 70 for orienting the projection axis AX1 of the projector 20. The turret is steerable along at least two axes 71, 72, using conventional motorized means. Therefore, the projector 20 is carried by the turret 70. According to the method applied by the lighting device, and with reference to FIG. 5, the aircraft 1 projects on the floor with a projector 20 a projected luminous shape. The projected light form 91 comprises at least one light line 95 which delimits a geometric surface 400. This geometrical surface 400 represents a landing zone targeted by the aircraft, this aircraft 1 being maneuvered to place at least a part of its plane. landing gear on the geometrical surface 400. Furthermore, this projected light form 91 remains the same regardless of the position of the projector 20 in the airspace 300. Indeed, the processing unit of the lighting device 20 controls this device. to ensure that the projected luminous shape 91 remains the same regardless of the position of the projector 20 in the airspace 300. FIG. 5 illustrates this aspect by presenting the aircraft 1 at two different heights H1, H2.
[0084] Depending on the position of the projector, the corrected light shape 90 emitted at the projector output varies so that the projected light pattern 91 drawn on the floor retains constant dimensions. For each position of the aircraft 3034078 26 illustrated in Figure 5, this Figure 5 shows the corrected light form 90 and the projected light form. To obtain this result, an initial luminous shape comprises each light line. This initial light shape 5 is then corrected according to the position of the projector 20 in the airspace 300 to obtain the corrected light form 90. Indeed, the projector can be set to project an initial light shape, namely a shape by default. The processing unit may determine control commands transmitted to the projector and / or the light generator to correct the initial light shape according to the position of the projector 20 in the airspace 300. The corrected light shape 90 is then projected with the projector to obtain the projected light form 91 15 required on the ground. The correction of the initial luminous shape can be carried out as a function, on the one hand, of at least one information relating to a distance separating the projector from a zone illuminated by this projector, and on the other hand of at least one relative information. at at least one angle of a projector relative to the ground. Moreover and with reference to FIG. 6, at least one light line 95 describes a circle 96, 97 which is illuminated. Therefore, at least one circle defines a surface 400 on which the aircraft 1 aims to land.
[0085] In addition, at least one light line may represent a projection on the ground of an organ of the aircraft at scale one, this projection being arranged in line with the place that should occupy this body following the landing. .
[0086] Such a member may be a tail boom or a rotor of the aircraft 1. Thus, a light line 95 represents a light circle called "inner circle 96" which corresponds to the projection on the ground at the one-level scale. of the lifting circle 9 at the end of the expected landing. A light line 95 may also form a segment 98 which represents a landing axis of the aircraft 1. In particular, this segment 98 may represent the projection on the ground one of the tail beam 4 of the aircraft 1 to the ladder one at the end of the expected landing. Finally, a third light line may form a circle called "outer circle 97" which surrounds the inner circle 96. The inner circle 96 and the outer circle 97 are concentric. In addition, the outer circle 97 may have a diameter 970 at least equal to twice the diameter 960 of the inner circle 96. According to the applied method, at least one light line has a constant luminosity regardless of the position of the projector 20 in the interior. airspace 300.
[0087] Furthermore, the thickness 500 of at least one light line is adjustable on request by a pilot. With reference to FIG. 7, two distinct light lines may have different colors and / or shapes. According to the example of FIG. 7, the inner circle is materialized by a continuous line of green color, while the outer circle is indicated by a red dashed line for example.

权利要求:
Claims (1)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. Finally and with reference to FIG. 8, the lighting device can be coupled with a landing light, this landing light projecting a light beam 110 towards the projected light form 91. A servo control system at a headlight The landing can be used to point a light beam with the landing light in the same direction as the projected light form emitted by the headlamp. Naturally, the present invention is subject to many variations as to its implementation. Although several embodiments have been described, it is well understood that it is not conceivable to exhaustively identify all the possible modes. It is of course conceivable to replace a means described by equivalent means without departing from the scope of the present invention.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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CN106005452A|2016-10-12|

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FR3034078B1|2017-03-24|

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KR101825571B1|2018-02-05|

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US20160280393A1|2016-09-29|

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EP3072812A1|2016-09-28|

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EP3072812B1|2017-06-14|

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US9944405B2|2018-04-17|

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CN106005452B|2018-09-04|

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KR20160115807A|2016-10-06|

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法律状态:
2016-03-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

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2016-09-30| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160930 |

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2017-03-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2018-03-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |

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2019-11-29| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20191106 |

优先权:

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FR1500620A|FR3034078B1|2015-03-27|2015-03-27|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIGNALING TO THE GROUND AN AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT AND AN AIRCRAFT PROVIDED WITH SAID DEVICE|FR1500620A| FR3034078B1|2015-03-27|2015-03-27|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIGNALING TO THE GROUND AN AIRCRAFT IN FLIGHT AND AN AIRCRAFT PROVIDED WITH SAID DEVICE|

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KR1020160035516A| KR101825571B1|2015-03-27|2016-03-24|A method and a device for marking the ground for an aircraft in flight, and an aircraft including the device|

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CN201610181468.4A| CN106005452B|2015-03-27|2016-03-28|The method and apparatus and the aircraft of land mark are carried out for aircraft in-flight|